dictatorship government

Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . Create your account, 20 chapters | However, over the years, these governments evolved into national leaders and were put in their position of power by nationalistic military officers. Leadership Types and Styles: Help & Review, What is a Leader? [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [140] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Alfred says, Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Presidential System of Government Overview & Function | 7 Roles of the President, Landmark Cases Based on Constitutional Amendments. The dictatorship is characterized by concentrating power in a single person or small group , while in the democratic government system the separation of powers allows freedom to be maintained and the powers control each other. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. As you start to memorize this lesson's details, you'll grow in your ability to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Caudillos were often nominally constrained by a constitution, but the caudillo had the power to draft a new constitution as he wished. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. 1 : the office of dictator 2 : autocratic rule, control, or leadership people suffering under his dictatorship 3 a : a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique Communism and dictatorship b : a government organization or group in which absolute power is so concentrated In the Roman Republic, the title "dictator" was temporarily given to an individual to deal with state crises and emergencies. The rigging of elections is just one example of how citizens in a dictatorship have little to no personal freedom. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Amy has a master's of library and information science and a master's of arts in history. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Create your account. The constitutional systems inherited from the colonial powers proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class; local traditions of autocratic rule retained a powerful influence; the army, one of the few organized forces in society, was also often the only force capable of maintaining order; and a tiny intellectual class was impatient for economic progress, frustrated by the lack of opportunity, and deeply influenced by the example of authoritarianism in other countries. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Theocracy Overview & Examples | What is Theocracy? Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Rule by dictator. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [137] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. The figure who embodies this dictatorship is obviously the dictator and this always represents the maximum hierarchy and authority for all things related to the development of a society. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. A self-proclaimed leader, usually an army officer, heading a private army typically formed from the peasantry with the support of provincial landowners, established his control over one or more provinces, and then marched upon the national capital. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictatorship, dictatorship - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), dictatorship - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). She has a Master's degree in History. The two systems, however, may be distinguished in several ways. New forms of oligarchic rule have also made their appearance in many advanced industrial societies. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. . The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the rule of one person or a small group of people who have no checks and balances on their power. Corrections? [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. This person is called a dictator. The people living in dictatorships are often subjected to human rights abuses and severe limits to their personal freedom. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and they can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. Delivered to your inbox! Most modern-day dictators rise to power for personal reasons, which are not usually benevolent or for the good of the country's citizens. All rights reserved. Most do not use the title "dictator" but rather use terms such as: Dictatorships have certainly evolved over the centuries. A dictatorship is a government in which a single person or small group holds all the power, and has absolute authority over politics and the population. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Omissions? Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. That's because there's no other branch of government that is not controlled by the dictator. The most notorious dictatorships are characterized by a culture of violence, terror and death. [141], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. Be sure to explain the role of the cult of personality and human rights abuses. The simple forms of oligarchic rule associated with pre-industrial societies are, of course, rapidly disappearing. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. Foreign Minister Eli Cohen arrives at a government . The Kim family, specifically Supreme Leaders Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, has ruled North Korea since 1948. The use of the term dictatorship originated in the Roman Republic. While the term has been used several times throughout history, most common usage of the term is in relation to different types of dictatorships that existed in the 20th and 21st centuries. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. Western constitutional democracies have provided examples of another type of contemporary dictatorship. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. [40] Personalist dictatorships often collapse with the death of the dictator. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. A dictatorship is an authoritarian style of government in which one leader has complete control over the country. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. The demands of industrialization compel recruitment on the basis of skill, merit, and achievement rather than on the basis of inherited social position and wealth. In some such countries, elected presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by establishing one-party rule and suppressing the opposition, while in others the army seized power and established military dictatorships. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. Kim Jong-un is currently the Supreme Leader of North Korea. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. The modern caudillo proved to be less a provincial leader than a national one. Displaying 1 - 20 of 68 articles. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has inaugurated Turkey's first nuclear power plant via video link in his first public appearance since falling ill on live TV Tuesday night.

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