holmesburg massacre family guy

Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. While the experiments started with a focus on dermatological research Kligman's speciality experiments were also carried out to test commercial pharmaceutical products and biochemical substances. WebFamily Guy (1999) - S08E06 Comedy clip with quote Of the third anniversary of the hormsburg massacre. Less than 10 years old at the time of the murders, the Klondike had already earned its well-deserved reputation for fostering primitive conditions and barbaric behavior. The doctor estimated that their body temperatures must have reached 110 degrees high enough for protein cells to coagulate, blood to turn black, and the body to be poisoned by its own waste products. In his testimony before the Pennsylvania House Judiciary Committee's subcommittee on crimes and corrections, Joseph Smith states that his skin remains discolored and insensitive to touch in the places where the patch test was administered on his arms, legs, and black. Companies and organizations who associated themselves with human testing faced severe backlash. [12] Kligman attended the University of Pennsylvania where he received his bachelor's degree in 1939, and three years later a Doctorate in botany at the same university. HERSCH'S FIRST STEP IN THE INVESTIGATION was the empanelment of a coroner's jury consisting of four men and two women, all prominent Philadelphians. They all had extensive police records and, with the exception of Christian, they all had served prison sentences at Holmesburg Prison. One of the more horrifying things about the experiments at Holmesburg Prison is the fact that the doctor who started and ran the studies never saw anything wrong with what he was doing. TheBoston College Law Review notes that most of the people imprisoned at Holmesburg were not yet convicted over a crime. The "roasting test," as the newspapers called it, was soon canceled, however, as speculation built that the test was too dangerous. He was pronounced shortly after 1:30 p.m. Police say a younger child was handling the gun when [48] ", In 2000, 298 people who were formerly imprisoned at Holmesburg Prison filed a civil group lawsuit for their long term injuries against Kligman, University of Pennsylvania, Johnson & Johnson, and Dow Chemical. [4] Price was not happy with the lifestyle afforded as a protected witness. Below is a list of some other significant drugs tested in the Holmesburg prison along with noted symptoms. [8] He changed his name to Ernest 2x McGhee and served as principal of the sect's school, and then went on to become Elijah Muhammad's national secretary at their Chicago national headquarters from 1954 to 1957. Speculation swirled as to who, if anyone, would be found guilty and serve time for the Holmesburg bake-oven deaths. A family member rushed him to Jefferson-Torresdale Hospital in critical condition. The report said two prisoners, Mauritz Spatz and Joseph Forte, were in the same cells as the deceased and had been untouched. Even R. J. Reynolds Tobacco and the US Army sponsored a number of experiments. "Criminal Guinea Pigs" The Starry Cross, Vol. July 6, 2020 / 5:48 PM ", Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Human experimentation in the United States, "Philadelphia's Abandoned Holmesburg Prison: A Dream of Release", "Pennsylvania prison riot leaves 103 injured", "Philadelphia Prison Shifts 235 After Slaying of Two Officials", "Ex-Holmesburg Inmates File Suit Over Experiments", "Curran-Fromhold Correctional Facility to Holmesburg Prison", "81 years ago, 4 inmates were 'baked' to death in a Philly jail. [2] Many of the inmates who reached out to the EPA for legal advice were turned away under the claim that once they had signed their consent waivers they were unable to charge the Holmesburg prison. Webhur lng tid efter intervju fr man svar. It was years before the authorities knew that I was conducting various studies on prisoner volunteers. The Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was initially built in 1896 to serve as a county jail due to overcrowding at Philadelphia's Moyamensing Prison. The Philadelphia Inquirer reports that in 2022, it was revealed that Johnson & Johnson funded an experiment at Holmesburg Prison where imprisoned people were injected with asbestos "so the company could compare its effect on their skin versus that of talc, a key component in its iconic baby powder." Holmesburg Family Medicine is a medical group practice located in Philadelphia, PA that specializes in Family Medicine. This was considered the prison of the city and county of Philadelphia. WebPrison officials killed in 1973 honored. "There really isn't dissatisfaction," he argued. Aaron Epstein, "Human Guinea Pigs: Dioxin Tested at Holmesburg," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 11, 1981. Allen M. Hornblum described, "what happened at Holmesburg was just as gruesome as Tuskegee, but at Holmesburg it happened to smack dab in the middle of a major city, not in some backwoods in Alabama. The facility is located at 8215 Torresdale Ave in the Holmesburg section of Philadelphia. The letters were mailed to ministers of all fifty mosques of the Nation of Islam, a sect that Khaalis had infiltrated and in which he had been a leader in the 1950s. His attorney sought clemency, arguing that the testimony against his client "came from biased convicts.". US District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. CBS3's Dan Koob and Joe Holden contributed to this report. Incio > 2022 > maio > 21 > Uncategorized > holmesburg massacre family guy. W.F. I had a patch put on my back that covered a large area. In Philadelphia's prisons at the time, inmates were able to end their sentence if they could pay for 10 percent of the set bail amount. PHILADELPHIA, PA "My poor boy, my poor boy, what have they done to you?" Designed with the same layout of the Eastern State Penitentiary, the foundational mentality behind the prison was "separate penal confinement. [18][23]:176 The EPA and the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) initially looked into investigating these trials, however, the investigation was soon dropped due to the cost and resources associated. Those running the human experiments assured the imprisoned people that there would be no discrimination in testing and that anyone was welcome to participate, but "accusations circulated for years that black inmates were directed to the less desirable tests with lower pay.". "[37] What was perhaps most shocking in the article was the seemingly callous attitude and lack of guilt on the part of the researchers. Providers Overview "[42] The Holmesburg prison trials were a prime example of profits and the promise of scientific advancements overshadowing the ethical issues associated with research. 5 Bostonians killed and 6 wounded by soldiers of the 29th Regiment of Foot. It just goes to show how prisons are truly distinct institutions where the walls don't just serve to keep inmates in, they also serve to keep public eyes out. The controlled conditions of the prison appealed to him, as having the inmates' diet and lifestyle standardized would minimize disruptions to his medical research. [12], Of the six defendants, one was acquitted when a key witness, Price, an unindicted co-conspirator, refused to testify. Currently, the Philadelphia Department of Prisons's Training Academy still operates near the jail. The people experimented on at Holmesburg Prison were subjected to practically every form of experimentation. One experiment involving wart viruses, herpes simplex, and herpes zoster was reserved for "healthy, colored, male volunteers" while another experiment called for "10 healthy white subjects.". Built in 1896, the Holmesburg Prison operated continuously until 1995. [36] In the emerging agricultural climate of the United States, pesticides were very commonplace to destroy weeds and unwanted vegetation. Following the development of symptoms, the prison failed "to provide adequate facilities to screen, monitor, and treat the plaintiff to avoid serious illness. In 1934, for example, a hunger strike was broken when leaders were sent to the Klondike for a bread and water diet and the heat treatment. But once in a while, it is said an old, savvy guard will lean over and whisper into the ear of a young, unruly, know-it-all inmate, "Did you ever hear the story about the Klondike and what happened there? George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin, eds., The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 99. Price also thought that if he could get out from the witness protection program he could reintegrate with his black Muslim brothers and they would stop threatening violence against him. I couldn't afford the monies to pay for bail. [2] Furthermore, it was believed that the Holmesburg prison contributed to society such as in the development of Retin A as an acne medication. Kligman also described the prison as an "'an anthropoid colony, mainly healthy' under perfect control conditions," per "Acres of Skin" by Allen M. Hornblum. [43] In July 1966, the FDA banned Kligman from conducting drug testing at Holmesburg Prison, due to discrepancies in record keeping, and not following the conditions set out by the FDA for the testing of investigative drugs. Holmesburg was also reopened for over-crowding during 20072015, while it was still saturated with asbestos.[49]. The Dow Chemical Company had produced compounds called 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and 2, 4, 5-T.[2] These were often sprayed in fields as pesticides even with the allegations that the compound was far too dangerous to be released in the environment. Two others were severely injured. In addition to the immediate effects of the drugs, the surviving prisoners experience a range of long-term health effects, including skin problems, cancers, and undetermined illnesses.[31]. Home; About Us; Graphic Designs; Screen Printing; Digital Marketing; Contact Us; Search Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. [2]:79,150 In addition to exposure to harmful chemical agents, patients were asked to physically exert themselves and were immediately put under the knife to remove sweat glands for examination. [2][3][4][5] The experiments and research conducted on prisoners soon influenced ethical standards that are used today in modern research. Published April 20, 2023. ", As he regained his composure, he tried to answer the queries of the many reporters gathered around him; "We Americans," the governor said soberly, "are apt to exaggerate, but in this case, having gone into the matter, I find the press has, if anything, understated the horror of the death of four men.". African-American history of Washington, D.C. People murdered by African-American organized crime, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 21:37. Make an Appointment. The New York Times quickly jumped onto this story and ran an article stating: "Somewhere almost certainly in the United States, are as many as 70 men who could help researchers determine the risks of human exposure to the poison called dioxin. [45] Experimentation at Holmesburg Prison was forcibly ended by the prison's board of trustees after the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee's health subcommittee hearing on human experimentation in 1974.[27]. As for the dreaded Klondike, it, too, would receive some long overdue modifications. Any consent forms that the people imprisoned at Holmesburg ended up signing which they didn't alwayswould be filled with technical rhetoric that almost deliberately obfuscated the nature of the experiments and few understood what they were signing. WebHerman Webster Mudgett (May 16, 1861 May 7, 1896), better known as Dr. Henry Howard Holmes or H. H. Holmes, was an American con artist and serial killer, the subject of more In the 1980s, former prisoners who had participated in the dioxin experiments filed lawsuits against Dow Chemical. Dr. Crane explained that the prisoners' respiratory and circulatory systems were taxed to the limit in an effort to keep their bodies cool. "[37] Several patients disagreed with their treatment as "human guinea pigs" and took their grievances to court, given the lack of government support. 521 (E.D. Seth MacFarlane Family Guy Split - H 2013. He ascribed "Communistic influences" as the real culprit. [2] In such a system, experiments were an easy means to earn the money for freedom. But, in 2002, the federal court eventually ruled, that the statute of limitations had passed and dismissed the former prisoners case. One prisoner named Edward Anthony recalls signing up for a Johnson & Johnson study that was testing if a bubble bath product was harmful to someone with open wounds. They wanted guards as extras, and I realized I had just gotten the list of who had perfect attendance in 2015, so I knew who to pick, Philadelphia Prisons System spokeswoman Shawn Hawes told Metro Philly. He was sentenced to one to three years. Some of the human experiments conducted at Holmesburg Prison were dermatological studies. The testimony in each of the trials continued to captivate the press. The initial Philadelphia Police Department report claimed the men died of "overexertion, exhaustion and undernourishment.". Pennsylvania Governor George Earle declared, in horror, that the four men had been "cooked alive slowly.". Mind-altering drugs, cosmetics, viruses, and chemical warfare were all on the table when it came to human experimentation at Holmesburg. All rights reserved. However, details of the settlement are unknown and the University made no admission of guilt in the settlement. Police have confirmed that this investigation spans three different locations including Rivers Casino in Fishtown. The Philadelphia Inquirer reports that on August 20, 1938, 23 people were locked inside the Klondike in response to a hunger strike that half of all the prisoners were participating in. The Holmesburg Prison experiments conducted by Kligman led to many questions about the ethics behind using prison inmates for medical research. [2] Throughout the experiments, over ten patients had been given over 7,500 micrograms of the dioxin pesticide, which was an excessive amount, surprising even Dow Chemical's scientists. [27] The drugs produced a variety of lasting effects, such as temporary paralysis, and sudden long-term violent behavior, with half of the subjects reporting to have experienced hallucinations for days. TO FURTHER ESTABLISH WHAT HAPPENED in the Klondike, Welfare Secretary Charles Engard announced that a dozen investigators, including five state police officers, would enter the building and undergo the same conditions as the dead inmates. It reached 190 degrees in just an hour's time, according to the coroner. As the blood failed to get enough oxygen, asphyxiation resulted. At the time, Kligman was a University of Pennsylvania Medical School professor of dermatology and was designing an experiment researching fingernail fungal infections. ", The governor called the perpetrators of the crime "the cruelest sadists who ever lived. Initially, imprisoned Black people would protest that "only whites were on the tests, [and they] get all the money and we don't get anything," according to "Acres of Skin." +420 353 941 152. socialpedagog familjeliv Written by the late Gunnar Hanson of "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre," the story follows a pair of federal agents who are called upon to quell an uprising at a secret government facility known as Death House. They concluded their analysis with the notation, "nothing suspicious.". holmesburg massacre family guy. However, no one suffered any reactions. WebFamily Guy - Massacre at the clamContent Owned By FoxNo copyright infringement intended. Contributing to tensions in the prison, was the fact that by 1968, 85 percent of the prisoners were black, as were the lower ranking guards, while supervisors were white, as well as violence between inmates and abuse by guards. The New York Times reports that Dow Chemical ordered the tests after 49 employees at their herbicide plant in Midland, Michigan developed chloracne. [11], James Price, 23, Jerome Sinclair, 22, also known as Jerome 5X; John W. Griffin, 28, also known as Omar Jamal; John W. Clark, 31; Thomas Moody, 20; and William Christian, 29, were indicted. Prisoner-guard tensions were mounting. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [4], The target of the attack was Hamaas Abdul Khaalis, the son-in-law of Reginald Hawkins. "The situation certainly looks peculiar," said the city coroner at the scene. [2] Among these reagents were "acutely toxic anticholinesterase chemicals: incapacitating agents, which included the glycolates, atropine-like anticholinergic compounds of which BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate) is a prototype; the indoles, represented by EA 1729 (LSD-25); the cannabinols, or marijuana-like compounds; and the sedative, or tranquilizer, group."[33]. Two heroes from Philadelphias prisons who were killed more than a quarter century ago got a fitting memorial today at 5. Find the exact The report also claimed that the four striking prisoners who died had been "ringleaders" who fought over strategical differences. These lesions took up to seven months to heal and Kligman also reportedly insisted that "no effort [should be] made to speed healing by active treatment," according to "Acres of Skin.". Neighbors say the boy had two brothers who also live in the home. For a list of gun violence resources in Philadelphia,click here. Amina, Khaalis' daughter, was put in a closet and shot three times. Family Guy Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community. "Acres of Skin" shared that William Charles Smith also received an out-of-court settlement in 1984. According to The Pennsylvania Gazette, the lawsuit alleged that despite the fact that imprisoned people were paid for their participation, they were incredibly "underpaid and under-informed about the potential dangers.". Getty Images; FOX. Holmesburg Prison in Pennsylvania is one of the many prisons that participated in such medical and product testing. In an interview, Khaalis said, "Elijah once said that I was next in line to him, that it was me, not Malcolm X. Kligman became a target for investigation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1965 as his research program was so large: he was studying a high "number of new drugs" and was contracted by 33 different companies. After listening for three days to the evidence presented by Coroners Hersch and Moranz, jury foreman Gilbert Spruance, a paint manufacturer and member of the Board of Education, said the four prison deaths were due to the criminal negligence of Superintendent William Mills, Deputy Warden Frank Craven, Captain James McGuire; two prison physicians, Dr. George Enoch and Dr. Hans Abraham, and nine guards, including the previously arrested Brough and Smith. [5], At the time of the murders Black Muslims were known as the Nation of Islam (NOI) and then changed their name to World Community Islam in the West. They were quickly exonerated. Over nine months speculation swirled as to who, if anyone, would be found guilty and serve time. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. It happened inside a home on the 4600 block of Kendrick Street in Upper Holmesburg, after 12:45 p.m. Sunday. One of the gauze pads was removed 10 days after insertion and the other one 20 days after insertion, according to "Acres of Skin.". [47] Their report restricted experimentation on inmates to "non-intrusive, low-risk, individually beneficial research".[47]. Retired Captain Alex Gougnin recalled that "the inmates did not know what they were being exposed to. Though Mills escaped conviction, he never regained his job as prison superintendent. Amidst the numerous Senate hearings, public relation nightmares, and opponents to penal experimentation, county prison boards in Pennsylvania realized human experimentation was no longer acceptable to the American public. Even the attending physicians were shocked by the human carnage Iying before them. Many of the experiments funded by the US Army were similar to the ones conducted by the Army on soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal. A study examining the ways a person's feet could be infected with, A study where prisoners were infected with skin viruses, such as, Studies exposing prisoners to long ultraviolet rays and different versions of yeasts such as, Hawes, Shawn - Public Information Officer, Philadelphia Department of PrisonsOpening paragraphs. And they will execute you as soon as your identity is known. WebA family member rushed him to Jefferson-Torresdale Hospital in critical condition. [8], Holmesburg Prison was first opened in 1896 as a response to the overcrowding in Philadelphia's Moyamensing Prison. The military approached the University of Pennsylvania to test this compound at the Holmesburg Prison. They also decided to restore the jobs of Captain James McGuire and the six acquitted guards. [2] Throughout the experiments, the dosage administered had increased to 468 times the initial recommended doses. They also demanded cellblock elections, so that representatives could be consulted on all regulations affecting prisoners. It was a wonderful time. [4], Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was a pallbearer at the funeral for Khaalis' children. According to Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners, between 1962 and 1966, at least 33 pharmaceutical companies alone tested up to 153 experimental drugs at Holmesburg Prison. He has hosted two military-related programs on the History Channel: Mail Call, in which he answers viewers' questions about technology and hardware and Lock n' Load, which focuses specifically on the development of different types of weapons. Former detention center in Pennsylvania, United States, Food and Drug Administration investigations. As of today, the structure still stands and is occasionally used for prisoner overflow and work programs.[1]. WebTwo men and a boy were shot to death. "[16], Kligman's experimentation was extensive, exposing inmates to "herpes, staphylococcus, cosmetics, skin blistering chemicals, radioactive isotopes, psychoactive drugs, and carcinogenic compounds such as dioxins" and he received financial backing from "33 different sponsors including Johnson & Johnson, Dow Chemicals, and the U.S. Despite gaining this approval, the issue that remained was finding consenting participants. WebInvestigators say this all started Friday afternoon on the 4600 block of Decatur Street in Holmesburg when a so-called criminal gang abducted the 45-year-old male victim at Due to the steam heat in the cell (where the temperature reached nearly 200 degrees), 4 prisoners died, and the ensuing "bake-oven" death investigations led to the indictment of 10 prison officials, including the superintendent and deputy warden. That was my first thought. I know it's going to be super, super sad. [1] Two men and a boy were shot to death. They also believe that Muhammad was the last messenger of Allah.[8]. Depending on the test, imprisoned people could make between $10 and $300 per test. [39] The case was made that the prisoners often wanted to participate in these tests due to the monetary reward. A range of experiments was conducted on the inmates at Holmesburg. Family Guy - Massacre at the clamContent Owned By ", According to Hidden City, by the 1920s, Holmesburg already had a notorious reputation for brutality. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}400214N 750108W / 40.037123N 75.018779W / 40.037123; -75.018779, Holmesburg Prison, given the nickname "The Terrordome,"[1] was a prison operated by the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Department of Prisons (PDP) from 1896 to 1995. Meanwhile, Kligman repeatedly insisted throughout his life that "I still don't see there having been anything wrong with what we were doing," per The New York Times. [32] He recounts how he took a "temperature pill" and was told there would be no side effects. "'Acres of Skin' or human beings? It's unclear if people were actually given LSD, but mind-altering drugs were repeatedly tested on imprisoned people. Prisoners considered them "terrorizers" and said they were no doubt-responsible for the deaths in the punishment unit. Eight people ended up with acne lesions and three people saw their lesions turn into inflamed blisters. [19] Experiments in the prison often paid around $30 to $50 and even as much as $800. Others were shot or stabbed that day. While some of the tests may have seemed benign at the time, they often involved other painful procedures, like biopsies. Be careful because nothing shall prevent the rise of the messiah, The Nation of Islam, and the black man the world over. Homicides in the city are up 22% from over one year ago and are now up to 202 in total, according to police statistics. He was pronounced shortly after 1:30 p.m. Police say a younger child was handling the gun when it discharged and fatally struck the boy. It was a wonderful time," per The Baltimore Sun. When he left the institution, Earle was so shaken by what he had seen that he had to take refuge under the shade of a tree across from the prison. [2] These first experiments were moderate and measured standard vitals such as heart rate and blood pressure. One guard described the imprisoned people as looking like zebras when the patches came off. Unfortunately, just because informed consent has become more widespread doesn't mean that imprisoned people aren't still being exploited. One inmate named Al Zabala recalled: "I soon heard about the U of P [University of Pennsylvania] studies and the good pay they offered. The detectives said there were "no other signs of violence" and the bruises on the bodies "must have been self-inflicted." The Comodeca family of South Philadelphia was equally horrified. These are some chilling details about the human experiments at Holmesburg Prison. Before the Cold War the use of radioactive isotopes medically had been mostly restricted to X-ray machines which were used for diagnoses and treatment against ringworms. In the 1950s, an outbreak of athlete's foot plagued the inmates, and in trying to find a treatment for the widespread problem, the prison pharmacist discovered one of Kligman's articles. But there were no broken pipes or weapons of any kind in the possession of the inmates. They called it mysterious and crooked, as distorted as the serial killers mind, with rooms with no doors 2023 WWB Holdings, LLC. But according to "Sentenced to Science," after "Acres of Skin" was published in 1998, many people who'd been subjected to the human experimentation at Holmesburg Prison "realized for the first time that they had rights as experimental subjects" and could sue despite the vague papers they'd been forced to sign. In 1992, the University of Pennsylvania settled a $6 million lawsuit brought by Edward Farrington that charged that "he developed leukemia as a result of University workers injecting him with radioactive material during a 1967 prison experiment," writes The Daily Pennsylvanian. As Boston College Law Review notes, because many of the people imprisoned at Holmesburg were trying to make bail, they "were so desperate for money that they signed up for Kligman's experiments in droves.". "[28] In addition to acting as the subjects of experiments, inmates worked a range of roles within the experiments, for example as laboratory technicians. This institution was originally three separate facilities, with the additional structures being for females only and the "Debtor's Wing". Johnson & Johnson also funded a number of other experiments at Holmesburg Prison including testing toothpastes and mouthwashes for toxicity and a wound healing study that tested wound dressings. The following year, Kligman increased the dosage 468 times and applied 7,500 micrograms to the skins of 10 imprisoned people every other day for a month. "The only water was in the hoppers," reported DiMarco, "and then only when flushed from the outside by guards. [2] Although there were proponents of the system, the testing on prisoners was eventually halted under public and legal pressure. Strike leaders demanded a voice in the prison diet suggesting, for example, ice cream and cake every other Sunday. Strike ringleaders, he promised, would soon be isolated and prison operations returned to normal. cried May Osborne, glancing at the corpse lying before her. Then Minister Louis Farrakhan on behalf of Elijah Muhammad, aired a threat during his radio broadcast:[2], Let this be a warning to the opponents of Muhammad. 43, No. [27], Inmates who participated in the experiments received monetary compensation which varied depending on the type of study they were involved in. As temperatures inside the Klondike rose to almost 200 degrees, by Monday morning many of the men were unconscious and four were dead. The Prison Board itself had come under considerable criticism for its detached style, infrequent prison visits and general indifference regarding such atrocities as the Klondike. "[22] He then obtained permission to conduct the dermatological experiments from the superintendent of the prison, who agreed with Kligman that the experiments could benefit the medical realm and the prison. Many prisoners stayed away from the Army experiments due to rumors that they involved LSD and resulted in participants going crazy.

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