social issues in south asia

It has been reported in American media that the group has certain stigmas in relation to the LGBT communities. 63 30 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In some cases, it came through bargaining and political accommodation; in others, the raw application of extremely intense violence; in still others, a long and slow process of containment that has led to a relatively low level of violence even without a real resolution of conflict. For instance, Nepals peace process is a model of civil war termination through a political settlement, while the Sri Lanka governments destruction of the LTTE left a trail of dead and displaced civilians. Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan have three of the worlds four largest Muslim populations. -- Volume 28, Number 3, November 2013, Editorial Board In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. Such large populations, especially when concentrated in small areas, present specific challenges: natural disasters have a potentially more devastating effect, and disease can spread quicker. South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. Bringing South Asians Into a Very White Space. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. And similar to Europe, local identity is strong in Indiaturnout for state assembly elections is often higher than that for national elections. In extreme cases, there were fears of partial or total state failure. During this time, the regions economies have also developed rapidly, lifting hundreds of millions of South Asians out of poverty and making it possible for them to live longer and healthier lives. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. A participant at the 2018 World Nomad Games at Kyrchyn Gorge, Kyrgyzstan. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. 63 0 obj <> endobj 0(z5&owdB\ztmz}fCKm'4 /gpYu&1;O+aF(|i%X In less than a decade, for example, India is projected to overtake China as the worlds most populous country. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. It is in Kashmir where the Modi government has most dramatically shifted policy by revoking the autonomy of and bifurcating the state of Jammu and Kashmir, accompanied by a massive crackdown on movement, communication, and political activity. I also started @Braincoach, an Instagram stream to share my science-based knowledge. WebSouth Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions globally to a number of direct and indirect effects of climate change, including sea level rise, cyclonic activity, and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns. South Asia is one of the poorest regions in the world: about one-third of the worlds poor live in this region with about 70 per cent living in rural areas and primarily Other film industries include Tollywood for Telugu-language films and Sandalwood for Kannada-language films. As commonly conceptualised, South Asia consists of the countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included.. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. Previously, when all five Central Asian countriesKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanbelonged to the former Soviet Union, Moscow ensured that Russian language and literature were taught in schools and that Russian dominated all forms of media, despite these former Soviet republics each having their own native language. Religion in South Asia: Diverse But Source of Tension. These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the To estimate regional aggregates in the calendar year, fiscal year data is converted to calendar year data by taking the average of two consecutive fiscal years for Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan at 2015 constant US$, for which quarterly GDP data are not available. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. -- Volume 26, Number 1, April 2011, Editorial Board But all three have arrived in rapid succession over the past two years and are testing South Asias economies, said Martin Raiser, World Bank Vice President for South Asia. Sources: World Bank Macro Poverty Outlook and staff calculations. Yet violence appears to have declined, with the caveat that security force operations are opaque. Chinese support for insurgents in the Northeast, meanwhile, dropped off dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. Terrorist attacks hit Bangladesh, including assassinations and coordinated bombings linked to the Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami Bangladesh and other factions. Extreme climate-related events - heatwaves, storms, floods, fires and droughts - affect more than half of the region's population every year and continue to burden South Asian countries economies. Religious discrimination, however, has often been a divisiveeven violentforce in the region. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam insurgency in Sri Lanka has also decisively ended, though in far bloodier fashion. Social movements in southern Asia have been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. But there are downsides too. While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. u2mnTThzRH'C9z RQ\O. Unlike in the Northeast, there has been an uptick in conflict-related fatalities in the second half of the decade rather than a continued decrease. Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region. While advocates of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis government have heralded his strength and resolve, the trends in insurgent violence under the second Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government (20092014) look almost identical to those in the Modi government. get ideas into movement. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. Yet there are reasons to be cautious in concluding that there has been an irreversible transformation. Existing violence data is not adequate to make fine-grained claims: it is likely that official records undercount civilian deaths, and both media and government reports can be highly unreliable in their distinctions between civilians and militants. Riots between Hindu and Muslim groups in India killed over a thousand people in 2002. The collectivist nature of South Asian culture can feel comforting and supportive with close-knit family ties and a sense of connection to something larger than the self. We provide a wide array of financial products and technical assistance, and we help countries share and apply innovative knowledge and solutions to the challenges they face. All of the active conflict zones remain potential areas of resurgence (for instance, the TTP has been trying to re-consolidate), but, compared to a decade ago, Pakistans security establishment has achieved a major shift in the balance of forces. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. This is another reason for mental health challenges like depression and anxiety, especially in women who may feel like they are putting the familys honour at risk by dating. Most of the environmental issues in Southeast Asia are inextricably linked, and working to ameliorate one will often have added benefits for the others. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Some of the reasons include intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. The World Banks development updates for Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were also released today. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although To encourage culturally sensitive therapy, mental health professionals must actively make an effort in understanding their clients cultural background and belief system through continued education and consultation with colleagues from a similar cultural background. ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU It is home to one-quarter of the worlds population spread over just 7 percent of the worlds landmass. Asians have a lower homeownership rate than the U.S. public overall (59% vs. 64%). Finally, the Naxalite insurgency gained power and reach between 2004 and 2010, particularly in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Yet, in 2020, most of these conflicts are either finished or persist at much lower intensity. Here are seven challenges the bloc faces in promoting sustainable economic growth, and suggested steps to solve them. Get the latest news from World101, including teaching resources and special offers. A map showing the major religion in each country of South Asia. In the first decade of the 2000s, both Nepal and Sri Lanka grappled with major insurgencies. In all of these cases, anti-state violence is now below its twenty-first-century peak. 3 These data are drawn from MHA annual reports. Most anti-state revolts across the subcontinent have been crushed, demobilized, or contained. South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) globally. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. Growing poverty, high illiteracy, a crisis in governance and threats to human security are issues of growing concern in South Asia. This report intends to capture the current state of play of the global water justice movement in order to strengthen struggles for public and community water systems. WebThe paper discusses social consequences of drug abuse in the South Asian region, covering social issues with respect to family, society, gender, young people, work, crime, violence, and cost. 0000001364 00000 n But since the Soviet Unions collapse in 1991, Russian language instruction in schools has substantially decreased, Russian media is now hard to come by, and many of Central Asias younger generations are instead opting today to pursue the languages of rising powers like China. Pakistans Benazir Bhutto became the first woman to lead a Muslim-majority democratic country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996. Asians are less likely than Americans overall to live in poverty (10% vs. 13% as of 2019). In parts of Pakistan, nearly one-third of all primary schoolaged girls are not in school. 0000006899 00000 n Finally, the paper anticipates a call for the collective colloquium of south Asian social movements. %%EOF South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. What are the main social problems in South Asia? Bollywoodthe word is a spin on Hollywood and what many people outside India think of as synonymous with the Indian Film industryis just the Hindi cinema industry based primarily in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay). -- Volume 31, Number 1, March 2016, Editorial Board High commodity prices also worsened Pakistans external imbalances, bringing down its reserves. 2023 Project MUSE. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. To counter this, South Asian families need to be more deeply educated on risk factors that can lead to mental health conditions. (For context, Iowa has just over three million people.) Produced by Johns Hopkins University Press in collaboration with The Sheridan Libraries. Two prominent causes of family conflict arise when South Asian adolescents and young adults wish to start dating or pursue a career that is discerned to be unacceptable by the parents. Politics in South Asia. WebMost Indians do not identify as South Asian, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. The Baloch revolt is likely to endure, as the security establishment has not created a self-sustaining pro-state political order, but it does not currently pose a severe threat to state power. There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. In this context, the paper analyses the contestations of social movements in the South Asia from a view point of contentious politics in the region. SOJOURN is published twice a year, in April and October. Second, interstate politics are shifting in South Asia, opening the possibility of new dynamics of cross-border spillover, proxy warfare, and state sponsorship of armed groups. Furthermore, there is little systematic data on nonfatal human rights violations, such as torture and sexual violence. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. So while state governments can set their official languages and control their finances, the central government is in charge of communications, defense, diplomacy, and monetary policy. -- Volume 22, Number 1, April 2007, Editorial Board The countries of South Asia are incredibly diverse, so there are no simple takeaways from these trends. South Asian countries have poor health care systems. Afghanistan has only 2.8 physicians per 10,000 people, Bhutan 3.8, Bangladesh 5.3, and Nepal 6.5, a 10th of the number in more advanced countries. Even India, which has one of the strongest health systems in the region, has only 7.8 physicians per 10,000 people ( Rasul, 2020 ). The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. /xL\z5CBDDiUy YkxS,A)('OR @$#S@cvs / *%C!% SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. A chart showing the percentage of Kyrgyzstan's GDP that remittances make up. Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). -- Volume 23, Number 2, October 2008, Editorial Board Yet a peace process emerged that eventually led to the CPN-Ms demobilization and the Maoists incorporation into mainstream electoral politics. Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. Regions of the World. The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. -- Volume 34, Number 1, March 2019, Editorial Board -- Volume 24, Number 1, April 2009, Editorial Board Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. Nawal Mustafa does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. {BViLNL7E/eEDaXJ|xPKLDeg bCbxiI5~|6QSkQl2*>UWJ:+LW##9\IMNj~R LkX The first decade of the twenty-first century saw areas of intense violence across the region. Since 2000, India has faced insurgencies in three geographic areas. endstream endobj 79 0 obj <>stream This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. This systematic review and meta-analysis report the pooled prevalence of CMDs among the South Asian countries. The dramatic rise of anti-state revolt led by the TTP in Pakistan in the late 2000s left tens of thousands dead and violently challenged the military establishment in ways unseen since the 1971 war that led to the formation of Bangladesh. -- Volume 28, Number 1, March 2013, Editorial Board -- Volume 25, Number 1, April 2010, Editorial Board Yet as Sri Lankas experience in the 1950s and 1980s vividly suggests, mob violence can harden political cleavages and trigger escalation beyond the control of its political patrons. The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. India has also improved cooperation with the military in Myanmar, aiming to limit cross-border movements. The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream These trajectories matter because political exclusion and partial democracies marked by factionalism can contribute to revolt, especially when combined with a potentially more volatile international environment. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. Kazakhstan's new Latin-based alphabet was disseminated in a newspaper in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on October 27, 2017. Check your email for details on your request. A chart showing the death rate of diarrheal diseases in Bangladesh going down as the percentage of people in Bangladesh using at least basic sanitation services goes up over the years. -- Volume 33, Number 3, November 2018, Editorial Board Finally, domestic political instability can provide both opportunity and motivation for insurgency. -- Volume 37, Number 3, November 2022, Editorial Board Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. 0000007388 00000 n Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. India makes more than 1,500 movies a yearalmost triple the number Hollywood producesand the cultural significance of these films cannot be understated. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. Globally, research on social movements reveals relatively more insights from European and Latin American studies than that of the Global South, particularly from the south Asian countries. Sign up to receive emails from Carnegies South Asia Program! The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. First, violence suppression is not the same as conflict resolution. Its massive fan base spans Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East, and even across the border in Pakistan. You are leaving the website for the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy and entering a website for another of Carnegie's global centers. The Indian Army also has an important presence in J&K and the Northeast, contributing to a vast security footprint that can suppress insurgent violence. South Asians seeking psychological services often feel misunderstood by health-care providers and then get discouraged from getting further help. All rights reserved. LA3\LWy6"8HWKdobDC yg1FhnuykT-@|WZFkjYoHK @zAI'niDfJ2;[AT%@96dw7fLl9=gR\}Q9Gpa~>i U>U$nV>?7 j=8IPnnQklNSc j3~MvL4@LU!MK'e9>6C-62.P'_.ANEH=` wX2 The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s.

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