battle of yorktown muster rolls

The Battle of Yorktown was the last great battle of the American Revolutionary War. 19, 1781 Sick at F [1], Gen. George Washingtons determination of units from the American Army in New York that would march to Yorktown in August 1781 included only one artillery regiment, the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. James Moore In the afternoon, the Allied barrage begins, with the French opening the salvo. Join us online July 24-26! They could strike a decisive blow to the British in New York City or aim for the south, in Yorktown, Virginia, where Gen. Charles Lord Cornwalliss troops were garrisoned. Knoxs direction to use ricochet firing and the extensive use of howitzers and mortars reduced the need for observing precisely where each round landed, facilitating night firing. Yorktown was attacked twice at Midway. Oct . Muster rolls for the other two regiments for early 1782 are proxies for the September 1781 rolls. Rank made permanent in the Army, December 25, 1782. Two-thirds of his attack force carried 250-kilogram semi armor-piercing bombs against Yorktown while the others carried high explosive bombs against the ship's crew. Alternatively, search The National Archives Library to see what is available to consult at Kew. Aerial. and Deserted Lists numbers of prisoners taken 19 October 1781 in the British surrender of Yorktown (excluding marine prisoners). Your email address will not be published. All Rights Reserved. The superb work of the French gunners at Yorktown deserves an account of its own. George Haines 19, 1781 Benedict Arnold. The British began . Our work has been featured by the New York Times, TIME magazine, History Channel, Discovery Channel, Smithsonian, Mental Floss, NPR, and more. Battle of Springfield; Battle of Yorktown. The whole operation had consumed fewer than ten minutes., READ MORE:How Alexander Hamilton's Men Surprised the Enemy at the Battle of Yorktown. The Battle of Yorktown (Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781) was the final battle of the American Revolution, fought between Colonial troops and the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. In Calculation of Artillery & for operation, GLC02437.9947, GLI, Knox speculated the French could furnish a total of twenty-eight pieces. Archives, Open Government Licence 19, 1781 [9] Monthly Return of the Corps of Artillery-October 1st 1781, GLC02437.10495, GLI. Chester County Revolutionary War reparation requests & reported losses. During the attack on Redoubts 9 and 10 on the evening of October 14, the 2nd Artillerys Capt. However, Denny observed the shells did not burst, as was expected, inferring a problem with fuses. The Siege of Yorktown was the culminating act of the Yorktown campaign, a series of military operations occupying much of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. Cornwallis has thrown up a series of redoubts on the outskirts of Yorktown while the majority of his men hunker down in the town. [2], The regiment that marched south was comprised of seven companies, raised primarily in New York, whose captains were: Thomas Bliss; John Doughty; George Fleming; Thomas Machin; Gershom Mott; Jacob Reed; and William Stevens. Oct . To trace a mans army career by way of the musters, you will have to know the name of his regiment. . One of the militiamen, Peter Peiner, died after being wounded during the day beginning October 16, for a total of four killed and five wounded among the artillerymen out of the total American casualties of twenty-four killed and sixty-five wounded. Some or all of the recommended publications below may be available to buy from The National Archives shop. The text in the cartouche of the Bauman Map of the Siege of Yorktown, Library of Congress File G3884.Y6S3 1782.B3, states that eighteen pieces of artillery were in service by October 10, 1782, and Maj. Bauman was a particularly qualified source of such information. As American troops hack at the abatis with axes, the British are alerted. Oct . Sick at F Muster rolls and pay lists contain soldiers: From 1868 to 1883 there may be quarterly lists which contain details of men becoming non-effective. The number of unexploded shells out of the 2,178 fired by American gunners is unknown so any such problem cannot be quantified. Missing I was hoping to hear more about the 14th colony, of Vermont, as they were very much a part of, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 2018. [Muster rolls, etc., 1743-1787] by Montgomery, Thomas Lynch, 1862- Publication date 1906 Topics Pennsylvania. The defenders were a motley collection of colonists, from various New England colonies. [13], Prior to the beginning of the bombardment Knox issued orders that a Field officer of artillery will be appointed every day to command in the Trenches he will pointedly attend that the firing is well-directed according to the object and further ordered that the officers of Artillery in the Batteries are to level every piece themselves. Colonel Lamb and Lieutenant Colonel Stevens took the first days assignment as field officer of, respectively, the batteries and the artillery park; subsequently Lieutenant Colonel Carrington and Major Bauman relieved Lamb and Stevens and that cycle continued throughout the siege. Oct . Thomas Lynch Montgomery, ed., Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Company, 1906), 3:1021, records that among the wounded artillerymen was Henry Love of Pennsylvania who lost a leg during the siege. New Yorker Assortment, 1 Box. October 9. Private Information available in the index includes: Use this information to then find the corresponding image of the record on which the soldier appears. The march they chose was The World Turned Upside Down. The anecdote was told second hand by a Maj. William Jackson of Philadelphia, who claimed to have received the information from Lt. Col. John Laurens. Regimental musters, from the early 18th century onwards, were taken every month or quarter (frequency varied over the years) for pay and accounting purposes. But historians have said it cannot be true. His Pennsylvanians led the engagement with the British at the Battle of Green Springs on July 6, where the artillery suffered losses of men and guns. is my 5x gr. On June 17, 1775, as British redcoats marched up the heights of Bunker Hill outside of Boston, Massachusetts, they were met with a hail of musketry from the defenders of the earthen redoubt. The French commander was a respected officer named Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. Carrington accepted on August 7 and had arrived in Virginia by September 21. The mission was a success, with the King agreeing to send muskets, mortars, gunpowder, and cash to America. Harrisons second-in-command was the versatile and capable Lt. Col. Edward Carrington. This small diverse group performed brilliantly, winning the respect of their French counterparts. Sick at F Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History. [17] Report of the stores expended in the Grand Battery Octo 15 1781 under the command of Capt. [8] Heitman, Historical Register, 337; Carrington to Knox, August 7, 1781, GLC02437.01123, Return of all Continental spare ordnance and Military Stores in the field and the Waggons which contain them. Journal Of The Brigade Of The American Revolution vol. Their forces were well-equipped and expertly trained. Gen. Henry Knox directed Col. John Lamb, commanding the 2nd Artillery, to begin the march towards Yorktown early on August 19. on August 12, 2008. It is so dramatic, in fact, that playwright and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his own version of the fictional tune to cap the Battle of Yorktown scene in his Broadway hit Hamilton. Outnumbered and outfought during a three-week siege in which they sustained great losses, British troops surrendered to the Continental Army and their French allies. With the mission refocused on taking Cornwalliss army in Yorktown, the French continued their trek for 300 miles and five weeks and helped win a critical victory for the Americans. Corp'l An official form of the United States government. Copyright 1996-presentThese pages may be freely linked to but not duplicated in any fashion without my written consent. The siege was a decisive Franco-American victory: after the surrender of British Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis on October 17, the government of Lord North fell, and its replacement entered into peace negotiations that resulted . 2nd New Jersey Regiment (aka The Western Battalion) . Sick at F The Grand American Battery, on the right of the American line near the York River, was completed by the afternoon of October 9 and the Left Battery and Bomb Battery were completed early the next day. For the colonies, the long struggle for independence was leading to enormous debt, food shortages, and a lack of morale among the soldiers. During the siege numerous American observers recorded that their cannonade resulted in a reduction or cessation of British fire and provided various descriptions of the damage it inflicted. John Althause and John Ludwig De Beck and John Washington orders troops to dig a second parallel 400 yards closer to the British lines. Private Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. In support of this theory see Greene, The Guns of Independence, 184, 203, 271, 275, 379-380 and John Muller, A Treatise of Artillery (London: John Millan, 1768), 152-153, 204-205. A new parallel trench, 400 yards closer to the British lines, was ordered by Washington on October 11, but completing it would entail taking out the British redoubts No. Search New Jersey Revolutionary War Rolls, . present Knox rotated this duty among the company officers of all four Continental artillery regiments. They also assisted Capt. You can use these records to trace the outline of a soldiers service in the British Army between c.1730 and 1898. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! These give a description of each soldier, his age, place of birth, trade and service, and are in WO 25/266-688, which can be searched by regiment in our catalogue. After the British had been escorted away towards prisoner of war camps, the artillerymen loaded the siege guns and supplies on transports for return up the Chesapeake Bay. John Harley After a grueling march, the American and French forces arrive near Yorktown and immediately begin the hard work of laying siege to Cornwallis and his men. On the American side, George Washington touches off the first cannon to commence their assault. One of the most beautiful courses in Virginia, the run is entirely on the Yorktown Battlefield tour roads, with scenic views of woods, meadows, fields and creeks. 2. Ludwig Various Naval Actions, 1776-1782. . The records contained in this database regard only the Continental Army, and state and other units that served with them. British general Charles Lord Cornwallis dispatched Major Patrick Ferguson to North Carolina in early September 1780. Althause Jr. $179.99 Add to Favorites . Wm. The British seek honorable terms of surrender, but Washington refuses as American forces were denied the that honor in Charleston, South Carolina, earlier in the war. 19, 1781 [6], Washington next ordered Brig. They marched for days to meet up with Gen. Washingtons troops in New York, where they were to attack the British stronghold in New York City. See an An Overview of Records at the National Archives Relating to Military . Benj. The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of the American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, and French Army troops led We dont know. These additional 420 auxiliaries joined Knoxs men who were encamped at the Artillery Park, bringing his total strength to about 800. The 3rd Regiment had been raised primarily in Massachusetts. 2. An index to the names of individuals contained in these records was created by Direct Data Capture. The Battle of Yorktown marks the collapse of the British war efforts. In the Battle of Camden, (South Carolina), August 16, 1780, Major General Horatio Gates, a former British officer, placed Mordecai Gist's 2nd Maryland on right flank, in traditional British deployment, the place of honor. For the sake of silence, surprise, and soldierly pride, they had unloaded their guns to take the position with bayonets alone. John Mackenzie It is a stunning victory with the Americans sustaining only 34 casualties. died Oct. 29, 1781 On the morning of October 19, the British sent forward a red-coated drummer boy, followed by an officer waving a white handkerchief to the parapet. Try an Ancestry.com Free Trial Oct . But plans changed. Brig. This data collection contains an estimated 80,000 application files from officers and enlisted men who served in the Revolutionary War in all branches of the American military: army, navy, and marines. September 28. In a field outside of Yorktown, the capitulation takes place as British troops and their Hessian allies, with flags furled and cased, march sullenly between contingents of American and French forces. By October 9, 1781 tens of thousands of manhours had been expended building fortifications and batteries in the first parallel and hauling siege weapons across the peninsula from the James River to the Yorktown lines. This series is arranged in two chronological segments (18981930 and 19311939), and thereunder alphabetically by the name or type of vessel or shore unit. Mar. 19, 1781 Corp'l [7] Washington to Brig. Note that "F" is for Fredericksburg Cornwallis received the unfortunate (for him) news that Clinton's departure from New York had been delayed.. Both sides were desperately seeking a definitive victory. Joseph Savage of the former regiment. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. 19, 1781 Lafayettes force arrived at Richmond in late April and spent the spring and summer maneuvering against British forces under Gen. William Phillips, and after his death under Lt. Gen. Charles, Lord Cornwallis. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. Then,Lt. Col. Alexander Hamiltons force, consisting of a detachment of 400 of his light infantry, assaults redoubt #10 with bayonets fixed and muskets unloaded. Private But her search into the past leads her to a dark secret. From 1888 onwards, the series contains only muster rolls, there are no longer any pay lists and by 1898 muster rolls were no longer kept by the War Office either. On October 18, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. A total of 14,000 men were recruited, although none saw active service: they were disbanded after the war. Access to Military Service and Pension Records. Regular military units created by the Continental Congress comprised the Continental Army. 70-104-1 (Washington: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 2007), 43; Robert Arthur, The End of a Revolution (New York: Vantage Press, 1965), 159. present "Oh God, it is all over!" John Every two days each pair of officers switched assignments between the batteries and the park. Aaron Burr. Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. Yorktown Virtual Tour. Their daily rate of fire averaged 686 rounds varying from a low of about 240 to a high of over 1,600; American gunners hurled over one hundred tons of metal at the British during the bombardment. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Muster Roll of the Detached Corps under Charge of Lt. DeBeck ,New York Volunteers They have to be taken by force. We strive for accuracy and fairness. These men cleaned shot, made cartridges, and proved and filled shells. The American portion of that artillery force consisted of fewer than 400 gunners of the Continental artillery. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. 10Washington ordered the use of bayonets, rather than pounding them slowly into submission with cannon, writes Ron Chernow in Alexander Hamilton. The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. The password for the operation is Rochambeau, which the Americans translate as Rush on boys! The assault commences with a diversionary attack on a redoubt further to the north of Yorktown at 6:30 p.m., giving the appearance that the town itself was to be stormed. Oct . Stivors The attack on redoubt No. Alex Collins 19, 1781 Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . 19, 1781 Portions of these and perhaps other companies, serving under Captain Coleman, reported to General Knox when he arrived in Williamsburg in September. Not at Yorktown surrender. In response, Cornwallis asked Clinton for aid, and the general promised him a fleet of 5,000 British soldiers would set sail from New York to Yorktown. [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. With the Continental Army positioned in New York, Washington and Rochambeau teamed to plan a timed attack on Clinton with the arrival of more French forces. [13] Henry P. Johnston, The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis 1781 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), 174; William Feltman, The Journal of Lieut. Box 210 Yorktown, VA 23690 Phone: 757 898-2410 Contact Us Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). Starting at the historic Surrender Field, the course is mostly flat with a some . For nearly a week the artillery barrage is ceaseless, shattering whatever nerve the British have remaining and punching holes in British defenses. Record types contained in this collection include: Muster rolls Payrolls Strength returns Misc., personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units Washington also prepared false papers discussing attack plans on Clinton, and let these papers fall into British hands.. Surrounded by enemy fire, and blocked from receiving aid by the French fleet that had arrived in Chesapeake Bay, Cornwallis was trapped. bunna@archive.org 3, (Winter 2010), Oct . It is all over. On March 5, 1782, Parliament passes a bill authorizing the government to make peace with America. He would fool Clinton into thinking the Continentals were planning to attack New York while instead sneaking away to the south to attack Cornwallis, according to the Army Heritage Center Foundation. Clicking on the View Image icon on the search results or record level pages will take you to the first image of the roll that the individual is on. 19, 1781 Private Much of the 1862 Yorktown battlefield encompasses the 1781 battlefield of the American Revolution. Description books of sappers, miners, artificers and the like, 1756-1833, are in WO 54/310-316. But the demoralizing loss at Yorktown diminished the British will to continue to fight the rebels. A-029. on the Internet. Debeck Contact Us Tools. There were casualties in equipment also: two 18-pounders burst; one 10-inch mortar was disabled; and one howitzer was dismounted. [21] Knoxs Brigade Orders, The Magazine of American History 6: 51. Francis Bilas That contingent was further weakened due to a September 23 altercation between Duffy and another officer, leading to Duffys arrest, court martial, and dismissal from the service on October 12. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. I've attached Muster Roll of John Althause's Company of New James Mc Owen Militia, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers Publisher Washingtons fame grew to international proportions having wrested such an impossible victory, according to the Washington Library, interrupting his much desired Mount Vernon retirement with greater calls to public service., READ MORE:Explore George Washington's life in our interactive timeline. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Washington and his French ally, Lt. Gen. Comte de Rochambeau, bet on the south, where they were assured critical naval support from a French fleet commanded by Adm. Comte de Grasse. Private In a last-ditch effort, Cornwallis orders a futile counterattack on October 15, which fails miserably. Whitehead Colemans Company was sent to Virginia later that year to recruit. Cornwalliss position is untenable as the Franco-American alliance has artillery on three of his sides, with additional new pieces positioned in redoubts #9 and #10 after their fall. Prime Minister Frederick North exclaimed upon hearing of the Yorktown surrender, writes Alan Taylor in American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804. Search by name of regiment and specify the appropriate record series from the table below. Yorktown. Found in the Collection of Muse de l'Histoire de France, Chteau de Versailles. Muster rolls exist for five of Lambs companies taken at Head of Elk in early September on the journey south. Aerial Assortments. George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799 . Surrender of Conwallis. Muster rolls for the other two regiments for early 1782 are proxies for the September 1781 rolls. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers Still, The World Turned Upside Down creates the perfect ending to an event that changed the nation and the world. The 1st Regiment did not reach Charleston before Lincoln surrendered the city to the British, so it joined the Southern Army under Gen. Horatio Gates (and later, Gen. Nathanael Greene) and served in the Carolinas. As one of four experienced field officers of artillery, he would prove to be a valuable addition to Knoxs force during the siege.[8]. Analysis of the Muster Rolls. 2010), pp. Private In addition, there was no widely known tune at that time called The World Turned Upside Down. Finally, Article III of the Articles of Capitulation signed at Yorktown clearly states that The [British] garrisonwill march outwith shouldered arms, colours cased, anddrums beatinga British or German march. Private 1st New York and militia unable to prevent Johnson's retreat to Canada. The calculation mentioned in the text does not account for men required as guards or laboratory workers, but is overly conservative in assuming that Knox would deploy throughout the siege all of the artillery he transported to Yorktown. General George Washington and his Continental Army had a decision to make in the spring of 1781. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. died Oct. 21, 1781 Those of the Italian Legion no longer survive. This database contains U.S. Navy muster rolls and associated reports of changes for U.S. Navy enlisted personnel who served on U.S. Navy ships or in other naval activities between 31 January 1938 and 31 December 1949. [14] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-17, 1781. [15] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-16, 1781; William Stevens, A System for the Discipline of the Artillery of the United States of America, or, the Young Artillerists Pocket Companion (New York: William A. Davis, 1797), 195. Today, well preserved Union and Confederate Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. The American conflict was unpopular and divisive, and there was no end in sight. About U.S., Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 This database is a collection of records kept by the National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies in the American Revolutionary War. In regard to the Militia, very little is known and that little is extremely fragmentary. The Field Officer of the Trenches was also supposed to report daily on the apparent effect on the enemys works of the bombardment, but the fact that none of the nine reports contain such information indicates that the damage to the British works was obvious. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, British Army muster rolls and pay lists c.1730-1898, 3. They, along with pay lists, were effectively the main everyday service records kept by the army of men in active service. v3.0, Household troops, cavalry, guards, regular infantry, special regiments and corps, colonial troops, foreign legions and regiments, and regimental, brigade and other depots, From 1816 to 1856, the musters are principally of the Royal Corps of Sappers and Miners, and list only NCOs and other ranks. Oct . Check out the Genealogy Books written by Olive Tree Genealogy! Private Each series is searchable in Discovery, our catalogue. This guide provides advice on finding records held at The National Archives known as muster rolls, pay lists and description books. France was a longtime foe of Britain and still thirsting for revenge after their defeat by the Crown in the Seven Years War. 6x gr.grandfather and John ludwig married his daughter and or Yorktown. Fredk. But the world truly changes that day as the military operations of the War for Independence cease. Information of genealogical interest includes the application itself, which can provide the soldiers name, rank, unit, time of service, age, date of birth, residence, and sometimes birthplace. Niagara Falls Assortment, 1 Box. Wayne left York, Pennsylvania in late May and joined Lafayette in central Virginia on June 11. How to search for musters and pay lists c.1730-1878, 4. Ebenezer Denny, an American soldier who witnessed the event, noted in his journal the low British morale, as their drums beat as if they did not care how. Denny does not note any singing. These show a total of 235 officers and men which, with the addition of regimental staff, is consistent with the total of 242 in the October 1, 1781 return. The war with Britain had reached a stalemate. By mid-September 1781, Washington and Rochambeau arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia, 13 miles from the tobacco port of Yorktown, where Cornwalliss men had built a defense of 10 small forts (a.k.a. The field officer of the batteries provided a daily written report to Knox of ammunition used at each artillery position, furnishing a useful picture today of the American gunners activity. Meyers, 1893), 15: 750. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! John Cochran. May 1780: Sir John Johnson leads Royal Greens, Rangers, and Indians in raid on Johnstown and Caughnawaga. Use the arrows at the bottom of the tour to navigate between scenes and click the tour points to learn more about the battlefield. Records of some soldiers children may be found among the papers of the Duke of Yorks School and the Royal Hibernian School in WO 143, from 1801. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. The Royal Navy, attempting to sail up the Bay to Cornwallis, is met by French warships at the mouth of the Chesapeake. Aerial. Oct . York By October 17 most of the British artillery facing the allied forces had been silenced and Cornwallis had taken nearly 500 casualties. [18] Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, 61; Minutes of Occurrences respecting the Seige (sic) and Capture of York in Virginia, extracted from the Journal of Colonel Jonathan Trumbull, Secretary to the General, 1781, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 14 (1875-76): 336; Henry Lee, Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (Washington: Peter Force, 1827), 360, 365; Benjamin Franklin Stevens, ed., The Campaign in Virginia 1781: An Exact Reprint of Six Rare Pamphlets on the Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy (London, 1888), II:205; Howard C. Rice, Jr., and Anne S.K. At the time, British forces were fighting on two fronts, with General Henry Clinton occupying New York City, and Cornwallis, who had already captured Charleston and Savannah, in South Carolina. [3] The seven companies are mentioned in the assignments for responsibility of ordnance in Regimental Orders, October 1, 1781, Orderly Book of the Second Regiment of Continental Artillery, MS2003.12, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia. Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Co. Harrisburg, Pa., Harrisburg Publishing Co., state printer, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). William Feltman (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1853), 18; Diary of Captain James Duncan, of Colonel Moses Hazens Regiment in the Yorktown Campaign, 1781, Pennsylvania Archives, Second Series (Harrisburg: E.K. 19, 1781 After a series of October battles, Burgoyne found himself surrounded by Gates' men and surrendered on October 17.

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